| Drug Name | IUPAC Name | Classification (KD Tripathi) | Drug Application | Receptors | Dosage Form | Route of Administration | Adverse Reactions | Appearance | Solubility | pKa Value | Functional Groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tretinoin | (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid | Retinoid Subclass: First-generation retinoid |
Acne treatment, anti-aging | Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) | Cream (0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%) Gel (0.01%, 0.025%) Solution (0.05%) |
Topical | Skin irritation, redness, peeling | Yellow to light orange crystalline powder | Practically insoluble in water, soluble in DMSO | 4.7 | Carboxylic acid, alkene |
| Hydrocortisone | 11β,17α,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione | Corticosteroid Subclass: Low-potency glucocorticoid |
Anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic | Glucocorticoid receptors | Cream (0.5%, 1%, 2.5%) Ointment (0.5%, 1%, 2.5%) Lotion (0.5%, 1%) Foam (1%) |
Topical | Skin thinning, telangiectasia | White crystalline powder | Practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol | 12.58 | Alcohol, ketone |
| Clotrimazole | 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)(diphenyl)methyl]-1H-imidazole | Antifungal Subclass: Azole antifungal |
Treatment of fungal infections | Ergosterol synthesis inhibitor | Cream (1%) Solution (1%) Lozenges (10 mg) Vaginal cream (1%, 2%) Vaginal tablets (100 mg, 200 mg) |
Topical, oral | Skin irritation, burning sensation | White crystalline powder | Practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol | 6.12 | Imidazole, chlorobenzene |
| Salicylic Acid | 2-hydroxybenzoic acid | Keratolytic Subclass: Salicylate |
Treatment of acne, psoriasis, and dandruff | Unknown | Solution (0.5%, 1%, 2%) Ointment (2%) |
Topical | Skin irritation, dryness | White crystalline powder | Soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in water | 3.0 | Carboxylic acid, phenol |
| Topical Minoxidil | 2,4-diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine-3-oxide | Vasodilator Subclass: Hair growth stimulant |
Stimulates hair growth | Unknown | Solution (2%, 5%) Foam (5%) |
Topical | Itching, irritation | Colorless to pale yellow liquid | Soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in water | 9.2 | Pyrimidine, amine |
| Isotretinoin | (2E,4E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(4-methylphenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid | Retinoid Subclass: Second-generation retinoid |
Treatment of severe acne | Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) | Capsule (10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg) | Oral | Dry skin, chapped lips | Yellow-orange crystalline powder | Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents | 4.5 | Carboxylic acid, alkene |
| Fluocinonide | 9-fluoro-11β,21-dihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione | Corticosteroid Subclass: High-potency glucocorticoid |
Anti-inflammatory for skin conditions | Glucocorticoid receptors | Ointment (0.05%) Cream (0.05%) |
Topical | Burning, itching | White crystalline powder | Practically insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol | 12.6 | Alcohol, ketone |
| Azelaic Acid | Nonanedioic acid | Anti-acne Subclass: Dicarboxylic acid |
Treatment of acne and rosacea | Unknown | Gel (15%, 20%) Cream (15%) |
Topical | Skin irritation, dryness | White to off-white powder | Slightly soluble in water | 4.75 | Carboxylic acid |
| Calamine | Calamine, a mixture of zinc oxide and iron(III) oxide | Antipruritic Subclass: Skin protectant |
Relief of itching and irritation | Unknown | Lotions, creams | Topical | Skin irritation (rare) | Pink powder | Insoluble in water | Neutral | Inorganic oxide |
| Ketoconazole | (±)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol | Antifungal Subclass: Imidazole antifungal |
Treatment of fungal infections | Ergosterol synthesis inhibitor | Shampoo (2%) Cream (2%) |
Topical | Skin irritation, pruritus | Yellow to orange crystalline powder | Slightly soluble in water | 6.0 | Imidazole, aromatic |
| Triclosan | 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol | Antiseptic Subclass: Antibacterial |
Prevention of bacterial infections | Unknown | Soap, lotion | Topical | Skin irritation, contact dermatitis | White crystalline powder | Insoluble in water | 7.9 | Phenol, ether |
| Hydroquinone | 1,4-benzenediol | Skin lightening agent Subclass: Tyrosinase inhibitor |
Treatment of hyperpigmentation | Unknown | Cream (2%, 4%) | Topical | Skin irritation, erythema | White crystalline powder | Slightly soluble in water | 9.0 | Phenol, alcohol |
| Clobetasol Propionate | 21-chloro-11β,17-dihydroxypregn-1,4-diene-3,20-dione | Corticosteroid Subclass: Very high-potency glucocorticoid |
Anti-inflammatory for severe skin conditions | Glucocorticoid receptors | Ointment (0.05%) Solution (0.05%) |
Topical | Burning, itching | White crystalline powder | Practically insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol | 12.4 | Alcohol, ketone |
| Chlorhexidine | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide | Antiseptic Subclass: Bisbiguanide |
Prevention of skin infections | Unknown | Solution (0.5%, 2%) Gel |
Topical | Skin irritation, allergic reaction | Colorless to pale yellow solution | Soluble in water | 10.5 | Biguanide, aromatic |
| Permethrin | (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl(2,2-dichlorovinyl)carbamate | Pesticide Subclass: Pyrethroid |
Treatment of scabies and lice | Unknown | Cream (5%) Solution (1%) |
Topical | Skin irritation, itching | White to pale yellow crystalline solid | Practically insoluble in water | 6.5 | Aromatic, ester |
| Mequinol | 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenol | Skin lightening agent Subclass: Tyrosinase inhibitor |
Treatment of hyperpigmentation | Unknown | Solution (2%) | Topical | Skin irritation, erythema | White crystalline powder | Soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in water | 9.4 | Phenol, ether |
| Phenol | C6H5OH | Antiseptic Subclass: Alcohol |
Disinfectant, pain relief | Unknown | Solution (1%) Ointment |
Topical | Skin irritation, burning | Colorless liquid | Soluble in water | 9.99 | Alcohol, phenol |
| Olive Oil | Olea europaea | Emollient Subclass: Natural oil |
Moisturizing and skin conditioning | Unknown | Oil | Topical | Rarely irritation | Golden yellow liquid | Insoluble in water | Neutral | Fatty acid |