| Drug Name | IUPAC Name | Classification (KD Tripathi) | Drug Application | Receptors | Dosage Form | Route of Administration | Adverse Reactions | Appearance | Solubility | pKa Value | Functional Groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diethylcarbamazine | 1-(2-(diethylcarbamoyl)phenyl)ethanone | Anti-filarial agent Subclass: Antiparasitic |
Filarial infections (e.g., lymphatic filariasis) | Unknown | Tablet (100 mg, 200 mg) | Oral | Dizziness, nausea, headache | White crystalline powder | Slightly soluble in water | pKa = 7.8 | Amide, phenyl |
| Albendazole | 1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)carbonyl)-2-(propylthio)benzimidazole | Antihelminthic Subclass: Benzimidazole derivative |
Helminth infections (e.g., lymphatic filariasis, echinococcosis) | Beta-tubulin | Tablet (400 mg) Oral suspension (200 mg/5 mL) |
Oral | Abdominal pain, nausea, liver enzyme changes | White crystalline powder | Practically insoluble in water | pKa = 4.7 | Benzimidazole, thiophene |
| Ivermectin | (22Z)-22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a | Antiparasitic Subclass: Avermectin |
Onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis | Glutamate-gated chloride channels | Tablet (3 mg) Topical (0.5% cream) |
Oral, Topical | Dizziness, nausea, diarrhea | White to off-white crystalline powder | Practically insoluble in water | pKa = 4.8 | Macrolide, lactone |
| Hydroxyurea | 2-hydroxyurea | Cytotoxic agent Subclass: Antimetabolite |
Cancer (e.g., chronic myelogenous leukemia), sickle cell disease | Ribonucleotide reductase | Capsule (500 mg) Tablet (500 mg) |
Oral | Bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal symptoms | White crystalline powder | Slightly soluble in water | pKa = 7.6 | Hydroxyl, urea |
| Metronidazole | 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol | Antibiotic Subclass: Nitroimidazole |
Infections caused by anaerobes and protozoa | DNA | Tablet (250 mg, 500 mg) Oral suspension (100 mg/5 mL) |
Oral | Nausea, metallic taste, dizziness | White crystalline powder | Freely soluble in water | pKa = 2.6 | Nitroimidazole, hydroxyl |
| Rifampicin | 3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolin-4-one | Antibiotic Subclass: Rifamycin |
Mycobacterial infections | DNA-dependent RNA polymerase | Capsule (150 mg) | Oral | Hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal upset | Orange-red powder | Slightly soluble in water | pKa = 6.8 | Amine, aromatic |
| Praziquantel | 2-cyclohexyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carboxylic acid | Antihelminthic Subclass: Praziquantel derivative |
Schistosomiasis | Calcium channels | Tablet (600 mg) | Oral | Headache, dizziness | White crystalline powder | Slightly soluble in water | pKa = 5.5 | Oxadiazole |
| Miltefosine | (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-(phosphonocholine)nonadecanoic acid | Antiparasitic Subclass: Phospholipid derivative |
Leishmaniasis | Unknown | Capsule (50 mg) | Oral | Nausea, vomiting | White to off-white powder | Slightly soluble in water | pKa = 7.4 | Amino acid, phosphate |
| Bevacizumab | Recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody | Monoclonal antibody Subclass: Angiogenesis inhibitor |
Cancer (e.g., colon, lung) | VEGF | Injection (100 mg, 400 mg) | Intravenous | Hypertension, bleeding | Clear to pale yellow solution | Not applicable | Not applicable | Protein |
| Chloroquine | 2-(4-chloro-7-ethanol-2-yl)-4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid | Antimalarial Subclass: 4-aminoquinoline |
Malaria | Unknown | Tablet (250 mg) | Oral | Headache, dizziness | White crystalline powder | Practically insoluble in water | pKa = 8.0 | Aromatic amine, carboxylic acid |
| Adalimumab | Recombinant human monoclonal antibody | Monoclonal antibody Subclass: TNF-alpha inhibitor |
Rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease | TNF-alpha | Injection (40 mg/0.8 mL) | Subcutaneous | Injection site reactions, increased risk of infection | Clear to pale yellow solution | Not applicable | Not applicable | Protein |
| Interferon-alpha | Recombinant human interferon alpha-2a | Biologic Subclass: Antiviral |
Chronic hepatitis B and C | Various receptors | Injection (3 million units/mL) | Subcutaneous | Flu-like symptoms, fatigue | Clear to slightly cloudy solution | Not applicable | Not applicable | Protein |
| Pentostatin | 2-deoxycoformycin | Antineoplastic Subclass: Purine analog |
Hairy cell leukemia | Adenosine deaminase | Injection (10 mg) | Intravenous | Bone marrow suppression, nausea | White to off-white powder | Slightly soluble in water | pKa = 7.3 | Purine, amine |
| Ciprofloxacin | 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-quinolonecarboxylic acid | Antibiotic Subclass: Fluoroquinolone |
Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria | Bacterial DNA gyrase | Tablet (250 mg, 500 mg) | Oral | Gastrointestinal upset, headache | White to off-white powder | Freely soluble in water | pKa = 6.1 | Carboxylic acid, amine |
| Thalidomide | (+/-)-N-phthaloyl-α-phenylglutamic acid | Immunomodulatory Subclass: Antineoplastic |
Multiple myeloma, leprosy | Unknown | Capsule (100 mg) | Oral | Drowsiness, constipation | White crystalline powder | Practically insoluble in water | pKa = 4.5 | Amide, carboxylic acid |
| Gemcitabine | 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine | Antineoplastic Subclass: Nucleoside analog |
Pancreatic cancer | DNA | Injection (100 mg, 200 mg) | Intravenous | Nausea, myelosuppression | White crystalline powder | Slightly soluble in water | pKa = 8.0 | Fluorine, nucleoside |
| Trastuzumab | Recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody | Monoclonal antibody Subclass: HER2 inhibitor |
HER2-positive breast cancer | HER2 | Injection (150 mg) | Intravenous | Infusion reactions, cardiotoxicity | Clear to pale yellow solution | Not applicable | Not applicable | Protein |
| Infliximab | Chimeric monoclonal antibody | Monoclonal antibody Subclass: TNF-alpha inhibitor |
Rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease | TNF-alpha | Injection (100 mg) | Intravenous | Injection site reactions, infection risk | Clear to pale yellow solution | Not applicable | Not applicable | Protein |