Digestive System Drugs
Drug Name IUPAC Name Classification (KD Tripathi) Drug Application Receptors Dosage Form Route of Administration Adverse Reactions Appearance Solubility pKa Value Functional Groups
Omeprazole 5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl]benzimidazole Proton Pump Inhibitor
Subclass: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)		 Gastric ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Proton pump in the stomach lining Capsule (10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg)
Tablet (20 mg, 40 mg)
Oral suspension (2 mg/mL)		 Oral Headache, nausea, diarrhea White to off-white powder Soluble in water pKa = 4.0 Sulfoxide, benzimidazole
Ranitidine 2-[[[5-ethenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]methyl]thio]ethyl]amino]methyl]-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide H2-Receptor Antagonist
Subclass: Histamine H2-receptor antagonist		 Peptic ulcers, GERD Histamine H2 receptors in the stomach Tablet (75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg)
Injection (50 mg/mL)
Oral solution (15 mg/mL)		 Oral, Intravenous Headache, constipation, diarrhea White to off-white powder Freely soluble in water pKa = 8.3 Thiadiazole, amide
Loperamide 4-[(6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-1-oxo-2H-indol-3-yl)methyl]piperidine Antidiarrheal
Subclass: Opioid-receptor agonist		 Diarrhea μ-opioid receptors in the gut Capsule (2 mg)
Tablet (2 mg)
Oral solution (1 mg/5 mL)		 Oral Constipation, dry mouth, nausea White to off-white powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 9.7 Piperidine, chloroindole
Simethicone Dimethylpolysiloxane Anti-flatulence
Subclass: Anti-foaming agent		 Flatulence, bloating Non-specific Tablet (80 mg)
Oral suspension (40 mg/5 mL)		 Oral Nausea, diarrhea, constipation White to off-white powder or suspension Insoluble in water Not applicable (non-ionizing) Silicone
Metoclopramide 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]benzamide Prokinetic
Subclass: Dopamine receptor antagonist		 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), nausea Dopamine D2 receptors in the gut Tablet (5 mg, 10 mg)
Injection (10 mg/mL)
Oral solution (5 mg/5 mL)		 Oral, Intravenous Fatigue, drowsiness, diarrhea White to off-white powder Freely soluble in water pKa = 9.1 Amide, chloro

References

  1. Tripathi, K. D. (2013). Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 7th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
  2. Brunton, L. L., Hilal-Dandan, R., & Knollmann, B. C. (2017). Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
  3. DrugBank Online. (2021). Drug & Drug Target Database. [online] Available at: https://go.drugbank.com/ [Accessed 10 Sep. 2024].
  4. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. [online] Available at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ [Accessed 10 Sep. 2024].
  5. Stahl, S. M. (2013). Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.