Cardiovascular System Drugs

Drug Name IUPAC Name Classification (KD Tripathi) Drug Application Receptors Dosage Form Route of Administration Adverse Reactions Appearance Solubility pKa Value Functional Groups
Atenolol (2S)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-(1-methylethyl)phenyl)propan-2-ol Beta-blocker
Subclass: Selective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist		 Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias β1 adrenergic receptor Tablet (25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) Oral Bradycardia, dizziness, fatigue White crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 9.6 Phenol, alcohol
Ramipril 2-[1-(Ethoxycarbonyl)butyl]aprotinin ACE inhibitor
Subclass: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor		 Hypertension, heart failure Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Tablet (1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg) Oral Cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension White crystalline powder Freely soluble in water pKa = 3.9 Carboxyl, amide
Digoxin 3β-Hydroxy-14β-hydroxy-5β,10β-dihydro-6β-oxopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine Cardiac glycoside
Subclass: Digitalis glycoside		 Heart failure, atrial fibrillation Na+/K+ ATPase Tablet (62.5 mcg, 125 mcg, 250 mcg)
Injection (500 mcg/mL)		 Oral, Intravenous Gastrointestinal upset, visual disturbances, arrhythmias White to off-white crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 4.0 Steroid, lactone
Simvastatin (1S,3S,7S)-7-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyl]-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydroxy-1-naphthalenone Statin
Subclass: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor		 Hyperlipidemia HMG-CoA reductase Tablet (5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg) Oral Muscle pain, liver enzyme abnormalities, gastrointestinal symptoms White crystalline powder Practically insoluble in water pKa = 5.5 Phenol, lactone, hydroxy
Nitroglycerin 1,2,3-Propanetriol trinitrate Nitrate
Subclass: Organic nitrate		 Angina pectoris Vascular smooth muscle Tablet (0.3 mg, 0.6 mg, 0.9 mg)
Transdermal patch (0.1 mg/hr, 0.2 mg/hr, 0.3 mg/hr)		 Oral, Transdermal, Intravenous Headache, dizziness, hypotension Colorless to pale yellow liquid Slightly soluble in water pKa = 3.1 Nitrate ester, alcohol
Lisinopril (2S)-1-[(S)-[[2-[(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino]butan-2-ol ACE inhibitor
Subclass: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor		 Hypertension, heart failure ACE Tablet (2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg) Oral Dizziness, headache, fatigue White crystalline powder Freely soluble in water pKa = 3.9 Carboxylic acid, amine
Furosemide 4-Chloro-2-[(furan-2-ylmethyl)amino]benzenesulfonamide Diuretic
Subclass: Loop diuretic		 Edema, hypertension Na+/K+/2Cl- symporter Tablet (20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg) Oral, Intravenous Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance White crystalline powder Soluble in water pKa = 3.9 Aromatic amine, sulfonamide
Losartan 2-Butyl-4-chloro-1-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid Angiotensin II receptor blocker
Subclass: ARB		 Hypertension Angiotensin II receptor Tablet (25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) Oral Dizziness, hypotension White crystalline powder Soluble in water pKa = 4.0 Carboxylic acid, imidazole
Clonidine (2,6-Dichlorophenyl)N-methyl-2-imidazoline-2-amine Alpha-2 agonist
Subclass: Central alpha-2 adrenergic agonist		 Hypertension, ADHD Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor Tablet (0.1 mg, 0.2 mg) Oral, Transdermal Drowsiness, dry mouth White crystalline powder Soluble in water pKa = 8.4 Aromatic amine, imidazoline
Diltiazem (2S)-2-(4-(2-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-4-yl)ethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide Calcium channel blocker
Subclass: Benzothiazepine		 Hypertension, angina L-type calcium channels Capsule (30 mg, 60 mg, 120 mg) Oral Headache, dizziness, flushing White crystalline powder Soluble in water pKa = 7.4 Thiazepine, benzene
Carvedilol 2-[(2-methyl-3-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)amino]-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-ol Beta-blocker
Subclass: Non-selective beta blocker		 Heart failure, hypertension β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors Tablet (3.125 mg, 6.25 mg, 12.5 mg, 25 mg) Oral Fatigue, dizziness White to off-white powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 9.5 Aromatic amine, alcohol
Atorvastatin (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4-(phenylamino)butyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoic acid Statin
Subclass: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor		 Hyperlipidemia HMG-CoA reductase Tablet (10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg) Oral Muscle pain, liver enzyme abnormalities White crystalline powder Poorly soluble in water pKa = 4.5 Phenol, acid
Hydrochlorothiazide 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide Diuretic
Subclass: Thiazide diuretic		 Hypertension, edema Na+/Cl- symporter Tablet (12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg) Oral Electrolyte imbalance, dehydration White crystalline powder Freely soluble in water pKa = 7.0 Sulfonamide, benzothiadiazine
Propranolol (S)-1-(1-naphthyloxy)-3-(isopropylamino)propan-2-ol Beta-blocker
Subclass: Non-selective beta blocker		 Hypertension, anxiety β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors Tablet (10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg) Oral Fatigue, dizziness, bronchospasm White crystalline powder Soluble in water pKa = 9.5 Aromatic amine, alcohol
Amiodarone 2-butyl-3-(4-((2,4,6-tribromophenyl)ethynyl)phenyl)-2-propen-1-one Antiarrhythmic
Subclass: Class III		 Arrhythmias K+ channels Tablet (100 mg, 200 mg) Oral Pulmonary toxicity, thyroid dysfunction White to off-white powder Poorly soluble in water pKa = 8.0 Aromatic amine, alcohol
Sotalol (2S)-1-(4-[(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]phenyl)propan-2-ol Antiarrhythmic
Subclass: Class III		 Arrhythmias β adrenergic receptors Tablet (80 mg, 120 mg) Oral Fatigue, bradycardia White crystalline powder Soluble in water pKa = 9.2 Alcohol
Spironolactone 17-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid Diuretic
Subclass: Potassium-sparing diuretic		 Heart failure, hypertension Mineralocorticoid receptor Tablet (25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) Oral Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia White crystalline powder Soluble in water pKa = 5.9 Steroid
Nifedipine (2E)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-propenoic acid Calcium channel blocker
Subclass: Dihydropyridine		 Hypertension, angina L-type calcium channels Capsule (10 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg) Oral Flushing, headache, dizziness Yellow crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 5.4 Carboxylic acid, nitrile
Isosorbide dinitrate 1,2-bis(nitrooxy)propane Nitrate
Subclass: Organic nitrate		 Angina pectoris Vascular smooth muscle Tablet (5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg) Oral Headache, dizziness, hypotension Colorless crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 3.0 Nitrate ester
Amlodipine (2S)-2-[(2-amino-4-methylphenyl)(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid Calcium channel blocker
Subclass: Dihydropyridine		 Hypertension, angina L-type calcium channels Tablet (2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg) Oral Edema, flushing White crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 8.6 Carboxylic acid, amine
Nicardipine (2E)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-propenoic acid Calcium channel blocker
Subclass: Dihydropyridine		 Hypertension, angina L-type calcium channels Capsule (20 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg) Oral Headache, flushing, peripheral edema White crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 5.5 Carboxylic acid, amine
Verapamil 2-(3-(4-(2-(3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)phenyl)propyl)phenyl)propyl)phenyl}acetic acid Calcium channel blocker
Subclass: Phenylalkylamine		 Hypertension, angina L-type calcium channels Tablet (40 mg, 80 mg, 120 mg) Oral, Intravenous Constipation, dizziness White crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 8.4 Aromatic amine, carboxylic acid

References

  1. Tripathi, K. D. (2013). Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 7th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
  2. Brunton, L. L., Hilal-Dandan, R., & Knollmann, B. C. (2017). Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
  3. DrugBank Online. (2021). Drug & Drug Target Database. [online] Available at: https://go.drugbank.com/ [Accessed 10 Sep. 2024].
  4. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. [online] Available at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ [Accessed 10 Sep. 2024].
  5. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. (2020). 21st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.