Reproductive System Drugs
Drug Name IUPAC Name Classification (KD Tripathi) Drug Application Receptors Dosage Form Route of Administration Adverse Reactions Appearance Solubility pKa Value Functional Groups
Ethinyl Estradiol 19-nor-17α-ethynyl-estr-4-en-3-one Estrogen Hormonal contraceptive, hormone replacement therapy Estrogen receptors Tablet (0.02 mg, 0.03 mg)
Patch		 Oral, Transdermal Nausea, headache, mood changes White to off-white crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 10.2 Ethynyl, estrane
Testosterone 17β-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one Anabolic steroid Hormone replacement therapy Androgen receptors Injection (100 mg/mL)
Gel		 Intramuscular, Topical Acne, mood swings, increased risk of cardiovascular events White crystalline powder Practically insoluble in water pKa = 10.4 Steroid, hydroxyl
Progesterone Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione Progestin Hormonal contraceptive, hormone replacement therapy Progesterone receptors Tablet (10 mg, 100 mg)
Injection (100 mg/mL)		 Oral, Intramuscular Headache, breast tenderness, mood changes White crystalline powder Practically insoluble in water pKa = 11.4 Steroid, ketone
Clomiphene 2-[4-(2-Chloro-1,2-diphenyl)phenyl]-2-(4-pheynyl)phenyl]ethenol Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) Infertility treatment Estrogen receptors Tablet (50 mg, 100 mg) Oral Hot flashes, nausea, headache White to off-white crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 9.5 Chloro, phenyl
Levonorgestrel 13-ethyl-17-hydroxy-18-methyl-19-norpregna-4,9-diene-3,20-dione Progestin Hormonal contraceptive Progesterone receptors Tablet (0.75 mg, 1.5 mg) Oral Abdominal pain, headache, fatigue White crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 11.2 Steroid, hydroxyl
Oxytocin (2S)-2-[[1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]-4-methyl-1-[(2R)-1-phenylethyl]-2-oxobutanoic acid Hormone Labor induction, postpartum hemorrhage Oxytocin receptors Injection (10 units/mL) Intravenous Nausea, vomiting, uterine rupture Clear colorless solution Soluble in water pKa not applicable Peptide
Danazol 17α-ethynyl-1,2-testosterone Androgen Endometriosis, fibrocystic breast disease Androgen receptors Capsule (50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg) Oral Weight gain, acne, hot flashes White crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 10.3 Ethynyl, steroid
Leuprolide (5Z)-N-{(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-(amino-carbonyl)-4-methyl-5-oxopentanoic acid]-(1S)-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)acetyl}-N-ethyl-2-oxobutanamide GnRH agonist Prostate cancer, endometriosis GnRH receptors Injection (3.75 mg, 11.25 mg) Intramuscular Hot flashes, decreased libido White to off-white powder Soluble in water pKa = 9.0 Peptide
Bromocriptine Ergo-alkaloid derivative Dopamine agonist Hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly Dopamine receptors Tablet (2.5 mg) Oral Nausea, headache, dizziness White crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 7.8 Alkaloid
Raloxifene 6-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-4H-chromen-4-one SERM Osteoporosis prevention, breast cancer prevention Estrogen receptors Tablet (60 mg) Oral Hot flashes, leg cramps White crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 10.2 Phenol, ether
Finasteride (S)-N-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-N-[(1S)-1-[(4-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-yl)methyl]ethyl]prop-2-enamide 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor Benign prostatic hyperplasia, male pattern baldness Androgen receptors Tablet (1 mg, 5 mg) Oral Decreased libido, erectile dysfunction White crystalline powder Soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water pKa = 4.1 Amine, ketone
Mycophenolate Mofetil 2-(2-((4-(octyloxy)phenyl)(4-methylphenyl)methylthio)propyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-1-one Immunosuppressant Prevent organ rejection Not specific Capsule (250 mg) Oral Diarrhea, nausea, infection risk White crystalline powder Soluble in methanol, slightly soluble in water pKa = 6.2 Carboxylic acid, amine
Cabergoline 1-[(6-Ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]-2-(1-propylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethylamine Dopamine agonist Hyperprolactinemia Dopamine receptors Tablet (0.5 mg) Oral Nausea, headache, dizziness White to off-white powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 8.3 Alkaloid
Testosterone Undecanoate 17β-Undecanoate Anabolic steroid Hormone replacement therapy Androgen receptors Injection (250 mg/mL) Intramuscular Acne, mood swings White crystalline powder Practically insoluble in water pKa = 10.4 Steroid, ester
Desogestrel 13-ethyl-17-hydroxy-18-methyl-19-norpregna-4,9-diene-3,20-dione Progestin Hormonal contraceptive Progesterone receptors Tablet (0.15 mg) Oral Abdominal pain, headache White crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 11.2 Steroid, hydroxyl
Estradiol Valerate 17β-Estradiol 17-valerate Estrogen Hormonal replacement therapy Estrogen receptors Injection (5 mg/mL) Intramuscular Nausea, breast tenderness White crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 10.0 Steroid, ester
Ulipristal Acetate 17-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]-11β-hydroxy-19-norpregna-4,9-diene-3,20-dione Selective progesterone receptor modulator Emergency contraception Progesterone receptors Tablet (30 mg) Oral Headache, nausea White to off-white powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 7.5 Ketone, steroid
Asoprisnil (3S,4S)-3-[(2S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazolidin-4-yl]methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione Selective progesterone receptor modulator Uterine fibroids Progesterone receptors Tablet (5 mg) Oral Hot flashes, headache White to off-white powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 7.5 Thiazole, amine
Estetrol (2S,3S)-2-(3-Hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-phenylbutanoic acid Estrogen Hormonal contraception Estrogen receptors Tablet (15 mg) Oral Nausea, headache White crystalline powder Slightly soluble in water pKa = 10.1 Steroid, hydroxyl
Progestin Varies by compound Progestin Hormonal contraceptive, hormone replacement therapy Progesterone receptors Capsule/Tablets Oral Weight gain, breast tenderness Varies Varies Varies Varies
Mifepristone (11β-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl) 17β-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one Antiprogestin Medical abortion Progesterone receptors Tablet (200 mg) Oral Abdominal pain, nausea White crystalline powder Soluble in water pKa = 6.7 Ketone, steroid

References

  1. Tripathi, K. D. (2013). Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 7th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
  2. Brunton, L. L., Hilal-Dandan, R., & Knollmann, B. C. (2017). Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
  3. DrugBank Online. (2021). Drug & Drug Target Database. [online] Available at: https://go.drugbank.com/ [Accessed 10 Sep. 2024].
  4. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. [online] Available at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ [Accessed 10 Sep. 2024].
  5. Stahl, S. M. (2013). Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.